Olive cultivation and olive oil production are deeply embedded in Tunisia’s cultural, economic, agricultural, and environmental fabric. Olive groves cover nearly one-third of the country, about 1.3 million hectares. Despite the diversity of Tunisia’s landscapes, olive trees are omnipresent, stretching from the green hills of the North to the arid regions of the South. Over the past four years, Tunisia has ranked among the world’s top five olive oil producers, alongside Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey, and remains one of the leading global exporters, primarily to Europe.
Yet the sector faces numerous challenges, particularly for small-scale farmers: falling export prices, outdated infrastructure, limited modernization, and increasing environmental pressures such as droughts and extreme weather events. Many farmers, unable to sustain a living from their land, have abandoned olive cultivation in search of work in other sectors.